A, B, C, D, E, K … these are the designations of vitamins that are considered essential for humans. They must be available in sufficient amounts in the body to sustain vital functions. One of these vitamins, vitamin D, has been in the limelight scientifically for several years. An adult needs around 20 µg of […]
The discovery of autoantibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) is considered a milestone in nephrology research. They are the first described serological marker for primary membranous nephropathy. Their value in membranous nephropathy diagnostics is the subject of many recent publications. Primary and secondary membranous nephropathy: differential diagnosis essential Membranous nephropathy is the major cause of nephrotic syndrome in
Probably, the cytological examination for cancer screening, the so called Pap test is one of the most frequently performed medical check-up tests at the gyneacologist in many countries, because cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting women worldwide. It is caused by the human papillomaviruses (HPV) and since this discovery, new diagnostic and screening methods have been
A fictional story … Diffuse complaints … Since weeks Lisa M. (36) feels exhausted, has aching legs and arms and has developed a fever. Initially, of course, she thought she had the flu. After a while she felt better. But now, the pain has come back: She has burning pain in her muscles and joints, especially
Diagnosis of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis Since 2005, the chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) CXCL13 has been considered a potential biomarker for acute Lyme neuroborreliosis [1, 2]. Lyme neuroborreliosis is the neurological manifestation of tick-borne Lyme disease which is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and frequently occurs in the northern hemisphere. Symptomes of Lyme neuroborreliosis include inflammation of the central nervous system
